2008-7-30听写阅读

'Naked' Short Selling Gets a Close Eye(1/2)

密切关注“无卷买卖”
The Securities and Exchange Commission in the United States recently moved to protect nineteen major financial stocks. The agency gave an emergency order to restrict what is known as "naked" short selling of those stocks. This is a form of stock trading that is being blamed for sharp drops in the price of some financial stocks.
美国证券交易委员会近日采取行动以维持19家主要金融公司的股价。该机构发布了一项紧急措施以限制对这些股票进行所谓的“无卷买卖”。“无卷买卖”是导致一些金融股价格暴跌的原因。
Short selling is a way to make money when a stock price falls. It involves borrowing shares of stock and then selling them in the hope that the stock will lose value. Later, the shares are purchased back and the loan is settled.
卖空是一种在股价下跌时赚钱的方法。即，借入证券，当预期股价将会下跌时再卖出借入的证券，最后，再买回证券并且归还之前借入的证券。
If the stock has lost value, the selling price will be greater than the purchase price. The difference is profit for the investor. If the stock price rises, the investor loses money. Short selling is considered a necessary part of an efficiently operating market.
如果股市下跌，卖价将高于购买的价格。差额就是投资者的收益。如果股价上涨，投资者将赔钱。卖空被认为是有效操纵市场的必须部分之一。
With naked short selling, however, trading takes place with shares that have not yet been borrowed -- and may never be. Naked shorting lets traders short sell large amounts of stock that may not be available to borrow in the market. Sometimes, lenders of securities tell several short sellers that they can borrow the same shares.
但是，“无卷卖空”交易可能在证券还没借入，甚至永远不借入的情况下发生。“无卷卖空”使交易者可以短期内买入大量也许不会被借入市场的证券。有时，借出证券者告诉许多“卖空”投资者他们可以借到相同的证券。

Note:
卖空 [Shorting,Short selling]
定义：预期某只证券价格会下跌，通过先卖出借入的证券，待该证券价格下跌后再买回同时归还之前借入证券的盈利模式。
例如，投资者认为某只目前价格为10元的股票被严重高估，价格将跌倒5元，投资者就可以从券商先借入一定数量的该只股票并立刻卖出，拿到每股10元的现金，等到该股如预期跌到5元时再用手中一半的现金买回同等数量的股票归还给券商，剩下的5元现金（不考虑交易成本和支付给券商的利息）就是盈利。卖空策略使得投资者在看空时也可以盈利，有利于股票合理价格的形成。但卖空是一项相对复杂的技巧，而且风险巨大，如果股价不跌反涨，会产生巨额亏损。此外，卖空还要受到一些制度安排上的限制，如必须在约定时间内归还股票，即便股价会下跌，但如果是在还股期限之后，投资者也会遭受损失。目前A股还没有卖空制度，但随着券商融券业务的开展，这种每个成熟市场都存在的交易制度也会在国内出现。

GOSSIP:
不懂不懂，好多不懂啊~听得晕晕乎乎，连看中文我都不懂。问了老爸才终于明白这种股票买卖的方式。
于是我决定这两天的听写改成阅读，学习一些基本的财经词汇，高考如果考到也比较有底了。
话说这几天写阅读，最怕的就是这种专业技术的介绍了。
补习专业词汇，至少要看着眼熟吧。

2008-7-29听写小结

Schools Look to Save Money With Four-Day Week(2/2)

DICTATION:

But is … he sees other benefits , too. Students get more instructional time, and the activities that used to interfuel interfere with classes are now held on none school non-school days. He says that in the future, the groups growth of online classes could make it possible to require even fewer days in school. High fuel prices are driving college students to take more online classes. And in some states, high school students can take them, too. A four-day-school week sounds like a good great idea for students and teachers. But working parents may have to pay for child care for that fifth day. In agriculture areas, though, it can mean an extra day of helping on the family range ranch. In the New Mexico, the first school district changed to a four-day-week in 1974, because of the Arab oil cut boycott. Now, 17 out of 89 districts use it. But auther Lake Arthur School Districts has just 160 students. Lake Arthur used a four-day schedule for 12 years, but a few years ago, it went back to five days. Michael Grossman heats heads the district, he says two studies there fail to show any real educationally improvement using the four-day-week. And he says not much instruction was taking place during the last hours of school, because teachers and students were too tired.

NEW WORDS:

interfere 干涉、妨碍 ranch 大农场 boycott 拒绝购买

OLD WORDS:

benefit instruction 指导、指令 agriculture extra

TRANSLATION:

但他也看到了其它的有益之处。学生会得到更多的上课时间，并且一些曾干扰教学的活动目前将在课外举行。他表示，将来，网络学习的发展有可能使得必须在校学习的时间变得更少。居高不下的燃油价格正促使大学生们更多地利用网络来上课，并且在有些州，高中学生也能够采用这种学习方式。一周四日作息制看起来对学生和老师来说都是个不错的主意，但对在职的父母来说则不得不为孩子的第五天看护而支付费用。但在农村地区，这个作息制则可能意味孩子对家里的农场有了额外的帮忙时间。在新墨西哥州，因为阿拉伯石油抵制，于1974年一学区首次将作息制改为一周四天。日前，89个学区中有17个学区采用了该方法。Lake Arthur学区只有160名学生，它实施四日作息制有12个年。但前几年，它又改回了五日作息制。Michael Grossman是该学区的负责人。他指出，两项研究都表明使用四日作息制未能使得教学有任何实质性的改进，并且在学校的最后个把小时，并不会有太多的教学内容，因为老师和学生都太累了。

GOSSIP:

我听到的明明是educationally，虽然说从语法上讲，应该是educational

sb. heads sth. sb.是sth.的负责人

2008-7-28听写小结

Schools Look to Save Money With Four-Day Week(1/2)

DICTATION:

As we said last week, American schools are looking for ways to save money on bus transportation because of high fuel prices. More children may have to walk, ride their bikes or find other ways to get to school. But, as another reflacted effect of the high prices, they may not have to go to school as often. Some schools, especially in the rural areas, are changing to a four-day-week. That means longer days instead of the traditional Monday through Friday schedule. Beginning in the fall, students in the Maccray school district in Minnesota will be in school Turthday Tuesday through Friday. Each school day will be 65 minutes longer. Superintendent Greg Schmidt says the district excepts to save about 65 thousand dollars a year in transportation costs. The district texted has about 7 hundred students living in an area of 9 hundred squire square kilometers. State officials have proved approved the plan for three years. They may change their mind before then if learning suffers. In Custer, sufft coder South Dakota, students have then been going to school Monday through Tthirday Thursday since 1995. Super intenden Superintendent Tim Creal says the change has saved at least estimated one million dollars over just the past eight years.

NEW WORDS:

rural 乡下的、田园的 superintendent 管理人 square 正方形、广场 estimate 估计

OLD WORDS:

schedule Tuesday Thursday

TRANSLATION:

接着我们上周的话题，由于高油价美国学校正在想办法节省校车运输的成本。更多的孩子只能步行，骑自行车或者通过其它方式去上学。但是，高油价的另一个影响，就是他们可能不能经常去学校了。一些学校，尤其是些乡村地区的学校正在改制为4日制。这就意味着更长的教学日取代了传统的周一到周五的时间表。从这个秋天开始，Maccray学校的明尼苏达学区将执行周二到周五的在校制度。每一个教学日的时间将延长65分钟。学校管理者Greg Schmidt说学区预期每年能省下大约6万五千美元的运输费用。这个学区有大约七百名学生住在900平方公里内的地区。国家官员用了三年时间来审核。如果学会了承受，那么在那之前他们可能会改变主意。在卡斯特，南达科塔，学生从1995年起就是周一到周四去学校。管理者Tim Cread说，在过去的近8年中，估计这项改变节省了一百万美。

GOSSIP:

暴汗，星期二和星期四不会拼……

estimate这个词前几天才听过的，可是今天还是属于新词范畴，还是不会

another effect 和district has都连读了，听不出来。沪江上听不出来也蛮多的，看来以后要多注意连读的部分了。

2008-7-27听写小结

Dr. Michael DeBakey's Long and Productive Life (2/2)

DICTATION:

He developed a way to replace all repaired blood vessels with Dacron, a stretchy menmade manmade materioy material. He continute continued to improve on the process. Today, the DeBakey artificial graft is used around the world. He was also a pioneer and in artificial hearts, heart transplants and recording surgeries on the film. He revolution revolutionized medicine in the 1950s and 1960s. During World War Ⅱ, he helped develop the Mobile army Surgical hospital on MASH. Michael DeBakey earned his medical dgree degree in 1932 from turing Tulane university in New Orleans. For years, he left led the Baylor college in Houston. He joined the faculty in 1938 1948 when the school was still part of Baylor university. He became president of the medical college and supervised in the operation its separation from the university in 1969. Over the years, he receved received many awards. In April, he recived received …honior Congress' highest civilian honor, the Congressional gold medial medal. Michael DeBakey contunite continued his work until his death. He recive received a hero's burial last Friday at Arlington national Cemetery across the Potomac River from Washington.

NEW WORDS:

vessel 血管 Dacron 聚酯纤维、涤纶 stretchy 有弹性的 graft 移植 transplant 移植 separation 缺口 burial 埋葬
OLD WORDS：

manmade material continue process 程序 artificial 人工的 degree receive honor Washington

TRANSLATION:

他开发了一种用涤纶（一种有弹性的人造材料）来代替或修补血管的方法，并对该方法一直进行改进。如今DeBakey的人工移植术在全世界被广泛运用。他还是人造心脏、心脏移植的开创人，并将手术记录在影片上。在二十世纪五、六十年代，他进行了医学革命。二战期间，他帮助建立了美国陆军流动外科医院，即MASH。1932年，Michael DeBakey在新奥尔良杜兰大学获得了医学学位。多年以来，他领导着休斯顿的贝勒医学院。他于1948年，当该校还隶属于贝勒大学时，就成了该校的老师。1969年他成为了医学院的院长，并负责该校从贝勒大学分开。多年来，他获得了许多奖项。今年4月，他就被授予了“国会金质奖”——国会的最高市民荣誉奖。Michael DeBakey一直从事着工作，直到他去世。上周五，在与华盛顿波托马可河隔河相望的阿林顿国家公墓，为他举行了一场英雄式的葬礼。

GOSSIP:

从前背过mobile phone，知道是手机，从来没有追究过mobile原来是移动adj.的意思~

依旧有很多以前背过的单词给忘了，好不容易华盛顿学过了，居然不会拼

新blog

用blogcn好多年了，大概是四年了吧，突然想换了。
之前申请了blogger，从来没写过。
今天突然发现blogger和google捆绑了，
正好我有gmail，也不用重新申请，
就直接过来了。

2008-7-26听写小结

Dr. Michael DeBakey's Long and Productive Life (1/2)

DICTATION:

Michael DeBakey performed more than 60 thousand operations during his long creer career as a heart surgeon. His patients included American presidents John Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nixon. They also included Russian president Boris Yeltsin and the Shah of Iran. Doctor DeBekey died July eleventh in Houston, Texas, two months’ short of his 100^th birthday. As a medical student in1931, he invented the roller pump. Years later, it would be used for blood transfusion during heart operations. The roller pump …, it came became a major part of the heart-lung machine. The machine pumps oxygen-rich blood to brain and other organs, so doctors can operate on heart. Michael DeBakey was a pioneer of open heart surgery, which has saved conutness countless lives. The name means that the chest is open and surgery is performed on the heart. Doctors may or may not open the heart itself as well. Michael DeBakey was born in Lake Charles, Louisiana, on September seventh, 1908. His parents were Lebanese immigrants. He was always a good student, loved to learn. As a child, his mother taught him to sold sew. This proved helpful years later, when he sold sewed polyester tubes into patients to perform heart bypass operations.

NEW WORDS：

surgeon 外科医生 pump 泵 lung 肺 chest 胸腔 polyester 多元 tube 软管 bypass 旁路

OLD WORDS：

career sew

TRANSLATION:

Michael DeBakey在他作为心脏手术医生的漫长职业生涯中共实施了60.000多例手术。他的病人中有美国总统约翰.肯尼迪，林德.约翰逊以及理查德.尼克松，其中还包括有俄罗斯总统Boris Yeltsin 和伊朗国王。DeBakey医生在7月17日，距离他百岁寿辰还有2个月的时候，死于德州休斯顿。当他还是一个医学学生时，他于1931年发明了滚子泵。这个发明在那以后的许多年中被经常使用在心脏手术的输血过程中。滚子泵成为心脏手术时临时代替病人心肺的机器的一个重要部分。这个机器把富含氧气的血液输送到大脑以及其它身体器官中以便医生对心脏进行手术。Michael DeBakey是开膛手术的先驱，这个手术挽救了无数病人的生命。开膛手术意味着先将胸腔打开然后才对心脏进行手术。医生有时可能也会打开心脏但有时也不打开。Michael DeBakey出生于1908年9月7号，路易斯安那州的Lake Charles。他的父母是黎巴嫩移民。他从小就是一个好学生也喜欢学习。在他还是一个孩子时他的母亲教会他如何缝纫。这对他以后的医生生涯起到了很大的帮助，因为他可以熟练把聚酯球缝到病人体内以便进行心脏旁路手术。

GOSSIP：

除了肯尼迪，其他总统的名字我一个也听不出~俄罗斯的总统，我听出来是叶利钦了，可是不会拼，那位伊朗的国王，我是死活没听过了。还有一些地名，实在是~听出来了也不会写。

2008-7-25听写小结

High Fuel Prices Mean a Hard Road for School Buses (2/2)

DICTATION:

Most states require bus transportation though through high school for public school students
who need it. Massachusetts requires it only for elementary school. And schools can charge to ride the bus. State education officials say the some districts may began begin to do that, or raise existing fears fees. Studyies show that school buses are the saves safest form of transportation to and from school. The American School Bus Council says that cuts in school bus service are bad for children and possibly the environment. It says the moving removing buses from the road will mean that an increase in other vehicles transporting students. Sportsman Bob Riley says another concern is that reducing bus service might reduce attendance. But it could also get more children to walk or bicycle to school. And that will truly would surely make people healthy happy and at the National Center happy to save for Safe Routes to schools. More kids walking and biking safely to school is the aim of the a three-year-old federal movement program, part of an international movement. The scold goal is to increase physical activity and reduce air pollution. The United States will celebrate Walk to School Day on October eighth this year. But for some students, high fuel prices could make every day a walk-to-school day. Next week, we’ll talk about other ways that schools and students are reacting to the prices.

NEW WORDS：district vehicle federal

OLD WORDS：elementary charge exist fee route goal

TRANSLATION:

大多数州要求为那些需要校车的公立学校学生提供校车至高中。马萨诸塞州只要求为小学生提供。并且学校可以支付乘车费用。国家教育部门官员表示，有些学区可能已开始这样实施了，或是增加目前的学费。有研究表明，校车是上学、放学最为安全的交通工具。美国校车委员会指出，减少校车服务对孩子或许环境都是不利的，并且淘汰校车将意味着其它运输学生的交通工具的增加。发言人Bob Riley称，另一担心就是校车服务的缩减可能会减少出勤人数。但这也可能使得更多的学生步行或骑车去上学。并且这也会使得美国国家安全路径中心的人感到更高心。让更多的孩子安全地步行或骑车上学是三年联邦计划（一国际运动的一部分）的目标，该目标就是要增加体育运动、减少空气污染。今年10月8日，美国将庆祝步行上学日。但对许多学生来说，居高不下的燃油价格可能使得每天都是步行上学日。下周，我们将谈谈有关学校、学生对价格做出反应的其它方式。

GOSSIP:还是州名，马萨诸塞~

2008-7-24听写小结

High Fuel Prices Mean a Hard Road for School Buses (1/2)

DICTATION:

High fuel prices are affecting all areas of lives. Including education. The unite states has an estimated 4 hundred 75 thousand school buses. Each day, they carry more than 25 million children have half of all school children in the country. But this these buses on averange average use 4 liters of diesel fuel to travel less in 16 kilometers.When the school year began last fall, diesel averaged 55 cents a liter nationally. The price nearly doubled to a dollar and 8 cents by the end of the school in June. Bob speaks for the American school bus Council, an industry coalition. He says fuel prices negotiated for school are not much lower then others have to pay. As a result, schools are looking ways to reduce the transportation costs. Bus routes are being redrawn or in some cases canceled. Some areas are buying buses that use nature gas or other alternative fuels. And a few places are investigating hybrid fuel electric technology. Other steps include fewer field trip and less travel by sports teams, and some school districts may end any buses service not required by law.

NEW WORDS：

fuel 燃料 estimate 评估 liter 升 council 理事会 coalition n. 结合 negotiate 商谈 cancel 取消 hybrid 混合的 district 区域

OLD WORDS：

area average route electric field service

TRANSLATION:

燃油价格的攀高正影响着人们生活的各个领域，其中包括教育。据估计，美国拥有475,000辆校车。它们每天接送2500多万孩子，其中一半的学生生活于乡村。但这些校车行驶近16公里，平均消耗4升柴油。去年秋季新学年开始时，美国每升柴油的价格平均为55美分。而在今年六月份学期结束时，该价格近乎翻番，达到了1.08美元。Bob Riley代表美国校车委员会（一行业联合会）发表了讲话，他称，为学校而商定的燃油价格并不比其它行业所要支付的价格低很多。因此，各学校都在寻找降低运输成本的方法。有些情况下，校车行驶路线被重新修改或取消。一些地区正在购买可以使用天然气或其他替代燃料的校车。还有少数地区正在查询有关燃油-电的混合技术。其它措施还包括减少学生的野外考察以及校运动队的出行。并且有些学区还可能终止法律并不要求的任何校车服务。

GOSSIP:

第二次听写慢速VOA。之前用笔写，一张纸写得乱七八糟，于是决定直接写在电脑上了，总结也方便。整体还是听得懂的，但是一些细节就不是很清楚了。这就是听写的好处了，确保每一个单词都听得清清楚楚。有一些单词是不认识的，还有很多是背过但是忘了的，郁闷，这种单词太多~